Common Diseases and Insect Pests of Kidney Bean and Its Control
2018-05-13 01:00:49
(I) Major diseases and their prevention
1. Cowpea virus disease: It is a relatively common and serious disease. Common bean mosaic virus and cowpea yellow mosaic disease. The major viral pathogens are the cowpea ticks mosaic virus and the cucumber mosaic virus. The leaves exhibited yellow spots, yellow-green and dark green spots, and malformations. Severe plants were short and could not even bloom or even die. Prevention and control: establish disease-free fields, select disease-resistant varieties, select seeds, cultivate strong seedlings, improve the disease resistance of the plants themselves; implement crop rotation, avoid heavy cropping, strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; diseased plants, diseased leaves Burn out in time to reduce the source of the disease. Before or at the beginning of the disease, 200 times of Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-800 times, or 50% thiophanate wettable powder 600-1000 times and other fungicides to prevent fungal disease. The locusts were found to promptly spray 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000-1500 times to control aphids, with the focus on the back of the leaves. Eliminate the source of the virus. After the virus disease occurs, give more fertilizer and spray 0.1%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to reduce losses.
2, cowpea mycoticosis: also known as leaf mold or leaf spot disease, is a relatively serious leaf disease in recent years. In the initial stage, red, purple-brown dots appeared in the leaves, and the lesions expanded to near-circular lesions. On the back of the leaves, gray and black molds were produced on the back of the leaves, resulting in the leaves becoming smaller, deciduous and scarring. Prevention: Strengthen field management, close planting in a reasonable manner, make the fields airy and transparent, prevent excessive humidity, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, increase plant disease resistance, remove diseased leaves at the early stage of disease, clean fields after harvest, and reduce the spread of diseases. Chemical control: 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture, 25% carbendazim wettable powder 400 times, or 50% thiophanate wettable powder 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, or 65% zein zinc WP 500 times, once every 10 days, continuous control 2-3 times.
3, cowpea rust: the main damage to the leaves, heavy petioles and seed pods can also be harmful. At the beginning, the yellow spots on the leaves began to turn brown, and the uplifts were like small abscesses. Afterwards, they expanded into summer spores. After the epidermis ruptured, reddish-brown powder emerged as the summer spores, and later the black phosporidium was formed, resulting in deformation of the leaves. Fall early. Prevention: Select resistant varieties, spray 15% triadimefon WP 1000-1500 times or 50% rust rust 800 times, etc. in the early stage of disease, once in 10-15 days, spray 2-3 times.
4, cowpea powdery mildew: damage to the main leaves, but also harm the vines and vines. Beginning with yellow-brown spots on the back of the leaves, it expands into a purple-brown spot, covering a thin layer of white powder on top, and the leaf spot develops along the veins. The white powder covers the entire leaf, causing a large amount of fallen leaves. The disease is widespread in the south. Prevention: Select disease-resistance cultivars, remove diseased plants immediately after harvest and concentrate burned or buried deeply; spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 50 times or 30% solid lime sulfur 150 times, 50% at the beginning of disease. Sulphur suspension 300 times, spray 7-10 days, 3-4 times in a row.
5, cowpea wilt disease: the main disease during seedling stage. Symptoms are root rots and wilting plants. It mainly adopts crop rotation, removes diseased plants, and strengthens field management for prevention and control.
(B) Major Insect Pests and Prevention
1. Small tiger: Also known as "silkworm", it is the main pest that injure the seedlings. The larvae were damaged on the topsoil or on the surface. The 3rd instar larvae foraged the leaves of the seedlings into a net shape. After the 4th instar, they gnawed the tender stems of the seedlings, resulting in the loss of seedlings and the death of a large number of seedlings. Prevention: Eradication of weeds in early spring, reduction of spawning sites and food sources of small ground tigers, bait trapping and killing of larvae below the fourth instar, frying 5 kg of wheat bran into 10 times solution of trichlorfon hot solution. In the early stage of gluttony, the small tigers used 25% enemy killing or 25% quick killing to kill 2500 times the base of the plant, and the effect was better. Artificial larvae could also be combined.
2, bean pods (bean pods): also known as pods wild pods or cowpea borers. The bean larvae mainly attacked the leaves of the larvae before being budded, but later they invaded the corolla and young larvae, resulting in the loss of buds and pods, the formation of pods after foraging, and the generation of feces causing rot of the pods and seriously affecting the pods. The yield and quality. Prevention: In time, the larvae were found to be sprayed with 10% cypermethrin EC or 50% trichlorfon emulsion or 25% trichlorfon powder or 80% dichlorvos EC at the flowering stage of cowpeas immediately, every 7-10 days, continuously Spray 2-3 times. Use early-maturing varieties and intercropping with food crops to maintain certain humidity in the field can reduce hazards.
3. Locust: It is the main insect pest of cowpea and one of the major transmission media of cowpea virus disease. It can be infested from the beginning of seedling stage to the entire growth stage. Prevention: In the early stages of locust occurrence, use 40% Dimethoate Emulsion or 40% Omethoate Emulsion 1000-1200 times, Corrosion-resistant 800-times, 50% Dichlorvos Emulsion 1000-fold or Dichloramphenicol 2000-3000 Diluent , Focus on the back of the spray, spray once every 7-10 days, continuous spray 2-3 times.
4, Starscream: also known as dragons. Adults and larvae clustered on the backsucking sap. After the leaves were damaged, they gradually turned reddish-yellow and burned. Finally the leaves fell off, the fruit dried up and the plants became yellow and dry. Control: can be used 20% dicofol emulsion 1000 times, 90% trichlorfon 800-1000 times or 40% omethoate emulsion 1000-1500 times or trithiophos and other agents alternately spray, focus on the back of the spray, continuous spray 2- 3 times.
5, bean elephant: is also the most serious pest on cowpea. The adult lays eggs on the tender quail. After the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on the seeds, causing the grains to become empty shells and inedible, seriously affecting the seed germination and the quality of the products. Control: Spray insecticides at flowering time, harvest the grains and dry them, then fumigate them with chemicals. Generally fumigated beans such as aluminum phosphide or chloropicrin and storage can kill insects and kill eggs. Some places also use boiling water scalding, lime tank or sealed storage and other methods can also achieve a certain degree of control.
1. Cowpea virus disease: It is a relatively common and serious disease. Common bean mosaic virus and cowpea yellow mosaic disease. The major viral pathogens are the cowpea ticks mosaic virus and the cucumber mosaic virus. The leaves exhibited yellow spots, yellow-green and dark green spots, and malformations. Severe plants were short and could not even bloom or even die. Prevention and control: establish disease-free fields, select disease-resistant varieties, select seeds, cultivate strong seedlings, improve the disease resistance of the plants themselves; implement crop rotation, avoid heavy cropping, strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; diseased plants, diseased leaves Burn out in time to reduce the source of the disease. Before or at the beginning of the disease, 200 times of Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-800 times, or 50% thiophanate wettable powder 600-1000 times and other fungicides to prevent fungal disease. The locusts were found to promptly spray 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000-1500 times to control aphids, with the focus on the back of the leaves. Eliminate the source of the virus. After the virus disease occurs, give more fertilizer and spray 0.1%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to reduce losses.
2, cowpea mycoticosis: also known as leaf mold or leaf spot disease, is a relatively serious leaf disease in recent years. In the initial stage, red, purple-brown dots appeared in the leaves, and the lesions expanded to near-circular lesions. On the back of the leaves, gray and black molds were produced on the back of the leaves, resulting in the leaves becoming smaller, deciduous and scarring. Prevention: Strengthen field management, close planting in a reasonable manner, make the fields airy and transparent, prevent excessive humidity, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, increase plant disease resistance, remove diseased leaves at the early stage of disease, clean fields after harvest, and reduce the spread of diseases. Chemical control: 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture, 25% carbendazim wettable powder 400 times, or 50% thiophanate wettable powder 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, or 65% zein zinc WP 500 times, once every 10 days, continuous control 2-3 times.
3, cowpea rust: the main damage to the leaves, heavy petioles and seed pods can also be harmful. At the beginning, the yellow spots on the leaves began to turn brown, and the uplifts were like small abscesses. Afterwards, they expanded into summer spores. After the epidermis ruptured, reddish-brown powder emerged as the summer spores, and later the black phosporidium was formed, resulting in deformation of the leaves. Fall early. Prevention: Select resistant varieties, spray 15% triadimefon WP 1000-1500 times or 50% rust rust 800 times, etc. in the early stage of disease, once in 10-15 days, spray 2-3 times.
4, cowpea powdery mildew: damage to the main leaves, but also harm the vines and vines. Beginning with yellow-brown spots on the back of the leaves, it expands into a purple-brown spot, covering a thin layer of white powder on top, and the leaf spot develops along the veins. The white powder covers the entire leaf, causing a large amount of fallen leaves. The disease is widespread in the south. Prevention: Select disease-resistance cultivars, remove diseased plants immediately after harvest and concentrate burned or buried deeply; spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 50 times or 30% solid lime sulfur 150 times, 50% at the beginning of disease. Sulphur suspension 300 times, spray 7-10 days, 3-4 times in a row.
5, cowpea wilt disease: the main disease during seedling stage. Symptoms are root rots and wilting plants. It mainly adopts crop rotation, removes diseased plants, and strengthens field management for prevention and control.
(B) Major Insect Pests and Prevention
1. Small tiger: Also known as "silkworm", it is the main pest that injure the seedlings. The larvae were damaged on the topsoil or on the surface. The 3rd instar larvae foraged the leaves of the seedlings into a net shape. After the 4th instar, they gnawed the tender stems of the seedlings, resulting in the loss of seedlings and the death of a large number of seedlings. Prevention: Eradication of weeds in early spring, reduction of spawning sites and food sources of small ground tigers, bait trapping and killing of larvae below the fourth instar, frying 5 kg of wheat bran into 10 times solution of trichlorfon hot solution. In the early stage of gluttony, the small tigers used 25% enemy killing or 25% quick killing to kill 2500 times the base of the plant, and the effect was better. Artificial larvae could also be combined.
2, bean pods (bean pods): also known as pods wild pods or cowpea borers. The bean larvae mainly attacked the leaves of the larvae before being budded, but later they invaded the corolla and young larvae, resulting in the loss of buds and pods, the formation of pods after foraging, and the generation of feces causing rot of the pods and seriously affecting the pods. The yield and quality. Prevention: In time, the larvae were found to be sprayed with 10% cypermethrin EC or 50% trichlorfon emulsion or 25% trichlorfon powder or 80% dichlorvos EC at the flowering stage of cowpeas immediately, every 7-10 days, continuously Spray 2-3 times. Use early-maturing varieties and intercropping with food crops to maintain certain humidity in the field can reduce hazards.
3. Locust: It is the main insect pest of cowpea and one of the major transmission media of cowpea virus disease. It can be infested from the beginning of seedling stage to the entire growth stage. Prevention: In the early stages of locust occurrence, use 40% Dimethoate Emulsion or 40% Omethoate Emulsion 1000-1200 times, Corrosion-resistant 800-times, 50% Dichlorvos Emulsion 1000-fold or Dichloramphenicol 2000-3000 Diluent , Focus on the back of the spray, spray once every 7-10 days, continuous spray 2-3 times.
4, Starscream: also known as dragons. Adults and larvae clustered on the backsucking sap. After the leaves were damaged, they gradually turned reddish-yellow and burned. Finally the leaves fell off, the fruit dried up and the plants became yellow and dry. Control: can be used 20% dicofol emulsion 1000 times, 90% trichlorfon 800-1000 times or 40% omethoate emulsion 1000-1500 times or trithiophos and other agents alternately spray, focus on the back of the spray, continuous spray 2- 3 times.
5, bean elephant: is also the most serious pest on cowpea. The adult lays eggs on the tender quail. After the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on the seeds, causing the grains to become empty shells and inedible, seriously affecting the seed germination and the quality of the products. Control: Spray insecticides at flowering time, harvest the grains and dry them, then fumigate them with chemicals. Generally fumigated beans such as aluminum phosphide or chloropicrin and storage can kill insects and kill eggs. Some places also use boiling water scalding, lime tank or sealed storage and other methods can also achieve a certain degree of control.