Scientists for the first time confirm that quantum communication is superior to traditional information transmission methods

A few days ago, according to foreign media reports, a new experiment in Paris proved the quantum communication better than the traditional way of information transmission when solving the sampling matching problem.

It is reported that quantum machines use the quantum properties of matter to encode information. Scientists generally believe that it will completely change the existing computing science, but this research progress is very slow. While engineers are trying to build basic quantum computers, theoretical computer scientists have encountered a fundamental obstacle, that is, they cannot prove that classical computers can never complete the task of quantum computer design.

In the summer of 2017, a teenager in Texas, USA, proved a problem that has long been considered to be solved quickly only by quantum computers, which can be quickly solved by classic computers. This incident is even more conducive to the superiority of the quantum computer that people think.

However, in the field of communication, the advantages of quantum methods can be proved. As early as a decade ago, computer scientists proved that quantum communication is theoretically better than traditional information transmission.

The experimental project held this time proves the advantages of quantum in transmitting information. It is reported that the project's researchers include Eleni Diamanti, electrical engineer at Sorbonne University in Paris, and Iordanis Kerenidis and Niraj Kumar, computer scientists at Diderot University in Paris.

In 2004, Kerenidis and two other computer scientists conceived such a scenario. That is, one person needs to send information to another person so that the other can answer a specific question. Researchers have confirmed that quantum devices can accomplish this task with less exponential information than classical communication systems. But because the quantum structure it envisioned was purely theoretical, it could not be achieved at the time.

Later, Kerenidis and his colleagues modified the scenarios they had conceived. The issues discussed and discussed also involved two users, Alice and Bob. Among them, Alice has a number of balls, each of which is randomly red or blue. Bob wants to know that the pair of balls that are randomly selected are the same color or different colors. Alice hopes to send information to Bob as little as possible to ensure that Bob can answer his questions.

If the sampling matching problem is to be solved by classical communication, Alice must send Bob information proportional to the square root of the ball number, but the unorthodox nature of the quantum information makes a more effective solution possible.

In this lab setup, Alice and Bob communicated through laser pulses, each of which represents a ball. The pulse passes through a beam splitter, which sends half of each pulse to Alice and the other half to Bob. When a pulse is sent to Alice, she can move the phase of the laser pulse to encode the information for each ball, whether it is a red ball or a blue ball.

At the same time, Bob encodes the two pairs of ball information he cares about into his half of the laser pulses. These pulses then converge to another beam splitter where they interfere with each other. The manner in which the two sets of pulses interfere with each other reflects the manner in which the phase of each pulse is shifted. In this way, Bob can read the interference pattern on the nearby photon detector.

Before Bob "reads" Alice's laser information, Alice's quantum information can answer any questions about any pair of balls. However, in the process of reading quantum information, Bob destroys all the information, so only a pair of balls of information is obtained.

Quantum information can be read in a variety of ways, but in the end it can only be read in one way. This feature greatly reduces the amount of information that needs to be transmitted to solve the sample matching problem. If Alice needs to send Bob 100 classic bits to make sure he can answer the question, then just send about 10 qubits to do the same.

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