Copper ore flotation agent
Copper- sulfur ore is one of the major copper deposit types in China. Its deposits are mostly copper-bearing pyrite deposits and copper-bearing skarn deposits, which are widely distributed. Gansu silver as white, Hubei Daye, Tongling, Anhui, Jiangxi Yongping; Wushan, Hebei and other regions have such deposits. Copper-sulfur ore has two types of dense copper-bearing pyrite and disseminated copper-bearing pyrite. The former has a high content of pyrite and the latter has a low content of pyrite. Flotation of this ore in addition to the recovery of copper sulfide, but also the recovery of iron sulfide as a sulfur concentrate.
The main factors affecting the flotation of copper-bearing pyrite are:
(1) The grain size and symbiotic relationship of copper and iron sulfide. Generally, the pyrite content of the pyrite is relatively coarse, while the copper mineral, especially the secondary copper sulfide ore, is closely related to the pyrite, and it is necessary to grind to a relatively fine time to dissociate the copper mineral from the pyrite. This feature can be used to select copper-sulfur mixed concentrate, waste tailings, and then re-separate the mixed concentrate.
(2) The influence of secondary copper sulfide minerals. When the content of secondary copper sulfide mineral is high, the increase of copper ions in the pulp will activate the pyrite and increase the difficulty of separating copper and sulfur.
(3) The influence of pyrrhotite. High pyrrhotite content will affect the flotation of copper sulfide minerals. The pyrrhotite oxidizes and consumes oxygen in the slurry. In severe cases, the copper mineral does not float at the beginning of the flotation. Inflation can be enhanced to improve this situation.
A copper-sulfur ore flotation process
There are three common flotation processes:
(1) Priority flotation. Generally, the copper is floated first, and then the sulfur is floated. The dense massive copper-bearing pyrite, the content of pyrite in the ore is quite high, and the use of high alkalinity (free CaO content>600-800g/m3) and high-yellow medicinal amount float copper to inhibit pyrite. The tailings are mainly pyrite, and there are few gangues, so the tailings are sulfur concentrates. For the disseminated copper-sulfur ore, the preferential flotation process is adopted. The tailings after the floating copper should be floated again. In order to reduce the consumption of sulfuric acid during the floating sulfur and ensure safe operation, the low alkalinity process conditions should be used when floating copper.
(2) Mixing - separation flotation. For the copper ore ore with low sulfur content in the ore and copper minerals which are easy to float, it is advantageous to use this process. The copper-sulfur minerals are first mixed flotation in the weakly alkaline pulp, and the mixed concentrate is added with lime to separate the copper and sulfur in the high alkaline pulp.
(3) Semi-preferential mixing-separate flotation. Semi-preferential mixing-separation flotation is a selective collector of Z-200 or OSN-43, vinegar-105, etc. as a semi-priority floating copper operation, first floating out of the floating copper mineral, and obtaining partially qualified The copper concentrate is then subjected to copper-sulfur mixed flotation, and the obtained copper-sulfur mixed concentrate is separated and floated by using float copper to suppress sulfur. This separation process avoids the inhibition of easy-floating copper minerals under high lime dosage and does not require the consumption of large amounts of sulfuric acid to activate pyrite. The production practice shows that the process structure is reasonable, the operation is stable, the index is good, and the characteristics of the target mineral are recovered as early as possible.
As far as the grinding and floating process is concerned, for the refractory copper ore, it is more advantageous to adopt the stage grinding and floating process, such as re-grinding of coarse concentrate, re-separation of mixed concentrate, re-separation of refinery, re-grinding by medium-mine, etc. Adopted by domestic and foreign selection plants.
B copper sulfur separation method
Regardless of the process used for copper-sulfur ore, there is a problem of separation of copper and sulfur. The principle of separation is generally that copper is used to suppress sulfur, that is, to inhibit pyrite.
(1) Lime method. The use of lime to inhibit pyrite is a common method for the separation of copper and sulfur. When the lime and sulfur method is used for the separation of copper and sulfur, the pH value of the pulp or the free CaO content in the slurry can significantly affect the separation effect. The general rule is that when dealing with dense lump ore with a large amount of pyrite, a large amount of lime is needed to make the free CaO content in the slurry reach 800 g/m3 to inhibit pyrite. For mines with less pyrite, use lime to control the state of the pulp at 9-12 to float copper to suppress sulfur. Sometimes, in order to avoid the problem of “running trough†and concentrate difficult to handle due to excessive lime consumption, a small amount of cyanide may be added or an ester collector with weak harvesting power for pyrite may be selected.
(2) Lime + sulfite method. This method is a widely used method for inhibiting pyrite without cyanide. For copper ore ore with high sulfur content or high sulfur content, but high mud content, or high pyrite activity and not easily inhibited by lime, lime and sulfite can be used to inhibit pyrite separation of copper and sulfur. . The key to this method is to control the appropriate pulp pH and the amount of sulfite (or SO2) according to the nature of the ore, and pay attention to the appropriate aeration and agitation. Some experimental studies have pointed out that in the weakly acidic medium with PH=6.5~7, it is more effective to inhibit pyrite by using lime and sulfite method. Compared with the lime method, the lime plus sulfite method has the advantages of stable operation, good copper index, and low amount of activator such as sulfuric acid.
(3) Lime + cyanide method. For pyrite with large floating activity, inhibition by lime and cyanide is effective, but since cyanide is toxic, it will pollute the environment, so people try to replace it with lime and sulfite.
In the copper-sulfur separation flotation, the use of a selective collector can not only reduce the amount of inhibitors and activators, but also stabilize the operation.
C copper sulfide ore flotation example
Metamorphic volcanic deposit belongs to a system of multi-pyrite metal deposit, more complex ore types, can be divided according to the structure configured disseminated, dense block, semi-block are three main previously two kinds.
The main metallic minerals include pyrite, chalcopyrite, covellite, sphalerite and chalcocite. The content of pyrite in the massive ore accounts for more than 85%. The main gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite and sericite. The useful mineral structure is complex and the inlay relationship is various, but the relationship between the main metal minerals and the gangue is relatively simple. Copper minerals are medium-fine grain inlays. Pyrite is often produced by self-formed crystals, semi-automorphic crystals and granular aggregates. The inlaid grain size is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, and some are densely symbiotic with chalcopyrite.
The dressing stone according to massive copper pyrites, disseminated massive copper-zinc ores and copper sulfur pyrites three categories, each with a different sorting process and conditions. This section only describes the flotation method for copper-sulfur ore.
The massive copper-bearing pyrite ore is continuously ground to 80%-0.074mm in two stages for flotation (one coarse and one sweep), using lime as an inhibitor of pyrite, in high alkalinity (including free Under CaO800~1000g/m3), copper is used to float copper and pine oil, and the tailings are sulfur concentrate.
When the disseminated copper-sulfur ore is treated simultaneously with the massive copper-bearing pyrite, the plant adopts the “mineralization method†to treat the two types of ore: that is, the low alkalinity (including free antimony ore CaO 50-100g/m3) slurry condition Next, copper-sulfur mixed concentrate is selected from the disseminated copper ore, and the bulk ore is added together for copper-sulfur separation, and copper concentrate and sulfur concentrate are selected. From the analysis of process effects, it has the essence of branching. Its main features are simple process, convenient operation and saving of medicine.
Sometimes the treatment of single-disseminated copper-sulfur ore is carried out by low-calcium, low-medicine (depletion plus dosing) preferential flotation of coarse concentrates.
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